Sol

Neural Simulator

Tue, 10 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Research chip targeting high voltage (±10V) and high current (4mA) neural stimulation in TSMC180nm BCD. Current is programmable with 8bits, allowing for arbitrary waveform generation. Powered by a 3.7V battery, charge pump based ±10V PD achieves continuous 4mA at 30% efficiency.

FIR DAC Tuning

Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT

FIR DAC for CT Pipelined ADC
FIR DAC Debugging Path: /autofs/fs1.ece/fs1.eecg.xliugrp/pate3216/CRN65GP/dac Original: /autofs/fs1.ece/fs1.eecg.xliugrp/wangni30/65nm/dac Each DAC tap was indivually tested under a transient simulation with the input sweeping through the possible 4-bit codes. DNL was computed on the transient output currents.DNL equations:clip((((deriv(DAC1N) * 1e-06) / ((ymax(DAC1N) - ymin(DAC1N)) / 16)) - 1) 1.5e-06 1.65e-05) ymax(abs(DAC1N_DNL)) Clip removes some transient spikes from start and end of waveform.A Monte-Carlo simulation was run with a wider tuning range to see the effects of mismatch on the worst case DNL for each of the DAC taps.
Cadence - Monte Carlo Simulation
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20261003032609.png" target="_self"> TAP1: 0.48, TAP2: 0.576, TAP3: 0.096, TAP4: -0.14 Idacp = DAC1P + DAC2N + DAC3P + DAC4P + cmn Idacn = DAC1N + DAC2P + DAC3N + DAC4N + cmp To eliminate FIR DAC quantization noise while testing the tuning range, an ideal LSB can be used. This testbench uses an ideal Verilog ADC to achieve this. An input signal is quantized to . The top 4 MSBs generate thermometer codes for the FIR DAC, while the remaining 12 LSBs generate an analog residue signal that is added back to the output of the FIR DACThe sum of the two signals has to take the delay between them into account before running an FFT. rshift(IT("/I70/dac_lsb") 500p)+Idacp rshift(IT("/I70/dacb_lsb") 500p)+Idacn Also when running ideal LSB simuations, the ADC parameter must be set accordingly.In the nominal case this setup shows 50dB of SFDR. This circuit should have a SFDR in the 70-80s based on the thesis. Additional percision may be needed to match the delay between the ideal LSB and the FIR DAC output.

Setup Parameters num_level: dac_level: sub_level: offset: 0.5 level_mag: 1/num_level = LSB Initialize bus to 0 @(initial_step) begin for(i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin vd[i] = vlow; vdb[i] = 1; vd_prev[i] = vlow; vdb_prev[i] = 1; end lsb_out = 0; lsb_outb = 0; end Quantize signal at clock rising edge = is compared with for first flash ADC code is compared with for remaining flash ADC codes Flash ADC codes are summed @(cross(V(clk)-vref,1)) begin vin_tmp = V(vin)+offset; for(i = 0; i <= num_level-1; i = i+1) begin v[i]= 0; if(i == 0)begin if(vin_tmp < level_mag/2)begin v[i] = 0; end else begin v[i] = 1; end vin_tmp = vin_tmp - level_mag/2; end else begin if(vin_tmp < level_mag)begin v[i] = 0; end else begin v[i] = 1; end vin_tmp = vin_tmp - level_mag; end end count = 0; for(i = 0; i <= num_level-1; i = i+1) begin if(v[i] == 1) begin count = count + 1; end end end Generate 4 MSB. Count is compared with 4096 (# of LSB in a MSB). for(i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin if(count < sublevels) begin vd[i] = vlow; vdb[i] = 1; end else begin vd[i] = 1; vdb[i] = vlow; count = count - sublevels; end end for (i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin if (vd[i] != vd_prev[i]) begin if (vd[i] > vd_prev[i]) begin ddelay = ddelay_r; ttime = ttime_r; end else begin ddelay = ddelay_f; ttime = ttime_f; end end vd_prev[i] = vd[i]; // Update previous value end for (i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin if (vdb[i] != vdb_prev[i]) begin if (vdb[i] > vdb_prev[i]) begin ddelayb = ddelay_r; ttimeb = ttime_r; end else begin ddelayb = ddelay_f; ttimeb = ttime_f; end end vdb_prev[i] = vdb[i]; // Update previous value end Reconstruct 12 bit LSB with count remainder.

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chart 1

Sat, 03 Oct 2026 07:25:52 GMT

chart

Sat, 03 Oct 2026 07:25:45 GMT

system

Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:51:40 GMT

Finite Impulse Response DAC

Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:08:28 GMT

Thesis___NW___FIR_DAC_for_CTP_ADC.pdfFor Continuous Time ADC: Signal is not sampled periodically onto capacitors, input drive current is relaxed Aliasing occurs within sampling of sub-ADCs, filtering is relaxed Low-pass response of ADC provides filtering Low oversampling ratio (OSR) = high bandwidth and efficiency but worse filtering For FIR DAC: Low OSR reduces anti-aliasing properties. FIR DAC reduces residue and increases bandwidth
Oversampling: take same measurement multiple times
Noise Shaping: carry over your error input is sampled and quantized by first ADC residual is computed with reconstructed output of first ADC residual is sampled and quantized by second ADC both outputs are digitally combined signal sub-adc path and delay line must match in both magnitude and phase since increases in residual swing can saturate the amplifier and degrade linearity magnitude is determined by DAC's sinc response phase is propagation delay from sampling instant of ADC to DAC output additionally quantization noise and images are introduced in the sub-adc path
#🎯Todo higher resolution requires larger amplifier gain, which increases leakage and image noise. with OSR 4, 3-4 bits of resolution provides balance between gain and noise. flash adc is used for it's speed traditional flash adc uses and residue is amplified by which leaves half of first stage output as redundancy dac output is limited by a half LSB at both ends, leading to additional mismatch in residue. coding with the two edge thresholds set to half solves this.
output is given by above p.19. non-linearity of first dac is major contributor of overall nonlinearity output is a weight sum of finite number of input samples, configurable by adjusting coefficients () or sampling frequency filter order determines flexibility and group delay is constant (N-1)/2, both are tradeoffs larger weights for earlier taps reduces group delay but introduces phase nonlinearity, which can be matched with delay line nonlinearity FIR filter integrated into sub-ADC-DAC path digital FIR avoids analog non-idealities but adds delay, additionally it outputs at a higher precision than the DAC's resolution analog needs multiple DACs ADC clock rising: input is sampled ADC clock falling: comparator output is reset RS latches hold ADC output for additional 1/2 clock cycle Each subsequent 1/2 clock cycle: one DAC samples The ADC is a flash ADC, each unit is a preamplifier and comparator
DAC samples 1/2 clock earlier in this work, allowed by choses clock period. This period () is determined by ADC regen time and DAC latch Setup Time regen time: time comparator takes to resolve input to target bit error rate (BER) noise is primarily by thermal noise, quantization noise and clock jitter distortion is primarily non-linearity of first stage DAC In high resolution wideband ADCs, SNDR is constrained by thermal noise. SNDR and power are in tradeoff note: more power means stronger signal and constant noise
wang2026 - FIR DAC for Continuous-time Pipelined ADC, p.36 4.1 FIR DAC Target Specification review above“Pasted image 20260127093445.png#invert” could not be found. in multi-tap FIR DAC, the overall linearity is disreibuted across multiple cads Area of DAC dictates static linearity requirements. Linearity requirement is distributed across each DAC tap, relaxing matching requirement. This allows each tap to use smaller unit elements and less overall area.Noise and Analog Power increases in a FIR DAC due to negative coefficients, necessary for suppressing high frequency components. Larger negative coefficients improve selectivity with a sharper low pass band. Only small coefficients are needed for this project. Total power is relatively smallDigital Power comes from driver circuits in sub-ADC-DAC path. Drivers are kept the same for each tap, though power consumption will depend on the weight. Total power is also relatively small. current steering DAC high output impedance, this limits voltage swing at summing node and improves linearity cascode structure to isolate capacitance of current source transistor easy coefficient tunability Static Error from mismatch in current generated by variation of . of 1.2V is selected for Switching Error from mismatch in charge injection during transition between bits due to variation of .Timing Error from variations in switching edges of driver and DAC
Switching Error #🎯Todo Goal is the have a 20% tuning range while maintaining 70dB of SFDR.Currently facing some issues with the transient simulation that result in the SFDR being very low.
FIR DAC DebuggingDNL equations:clip((((deriv(DAC1N) * 1e-06) / ((ymax(DAC1N) - ymin(DAC1N)) / 16)) - 1) 1.5e-06 1.65e-05) ymax(abs(DAC1N_DNL)) clip removes some transient spikes from start and end of waveform.

Cadence - Monte Carlo Simulation

Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:43:05 GMT

Open Maestro. Change Simulation to Monte Carlo Sampling. Click Simulation Options. Configure as needed. Find the Monte Carlo model libraries for PDK. Note: Check the model file for notes.
Create a corner simulation with the correct models and desired test.

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Cadence - Layout of Pin Arrays

Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:39:43 GMT

Go to Create > Label. Enter Label and Pin Layer. Set Height to a small value. Ex. 0.02. In Label Options section, check Attach, Expand, and Keep Label. In Auto Step section, check Step and choose Custom. In Layout View. Place label at exact center of first wire, followed by exact center of second wire. Then verify by checking the end of the array. Go to Tools > Create Pins From Labels. Set Object Type to Label and check Attach Label to Pin. Set Width and Length to height used earlier.
Check Apply, then Ok. Open Layout XL. Go to Connectivity > Generate All From Source. In I/O Pins tab. Select each pin and give it the correct metal pin layer. Press Update.
Go to Place > Pin Placement. Select individual pin or whole array. In Attributes > Edge, choose Top-Level Route. Select Appy.

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Hello

Fri, 02 Oct 2026 14:09:01 GMT

This is a portion of my Obsidian vault that I use for personal knowledge management. It contains a collection of notes on projects, subjects, and tools. This vault is completely self-written (inspired by this vault). The engineering notes often lack sources, but are devised mainly from textbooks, lecture notes, and other works.
:FabLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/j6y/
:FabGithub: https://git.nodusk.me/explore/repos
contact@j6y.meRecent4 resultsSort1Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 4Recent12 resultsSort1Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 12

sim3

Fri, 02 Oct 2026 03:09:43 GMT

closed_loop

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 21:20:51 GMT

Dickson Charge Pump

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 18:21:07 GMT

Dickson Charge Pump A simple Charge Pump topology that uses one diode and capacitor per stage.
#🎯todo Add Positive Diagram “neg_cp.png#invert” could not be found.
invert" src="00-meta/images/pos_cp-1.png" target="_self">When a clock turns on, the connected capacitors are charged to , which boosts the stage votlage. If the voltage of the next stage is lower, then current will flow until charge is equal at both stages. Successive stages build up charge, increasing the voltage by each time.A voltage lower than can also be generated by reversing the diodes and setting the input voltage to ground.Diodes suffer a forward voltage drop which limits the voltage gain per stage.

6 Phase Voltage Doubler

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 18:20:43 GMT

6 Phase Voltage Doubler A Charge Pump topology that eliminates threshold voltage drop by boosting the gate of the pumping diodes to higher than . Also allows bidirectional current flow.

#🎯todo

clock_gen

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 18:09:54 GMT

Charge Pump

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 10:02:40 GMT

Charge Pump A DC-DC switched capacitor based power converter that raises or lowers voltage () in multiples of , based on the number of stages ().
#🎯todo Add these papersReferences
Analysis, Design, and Implementation of Integrated Charge Pumps with High Performance
A Scalable 20V Charge-Pump-Based Driver in 65nm CMOS Technology
Theoretical and experimental analysis of Dickson charge pump output resistance
#🎯todo Use bases to pull these in.
Dickson Charge Pump
6 Phase Voltage Doubler Each stage ideally boosts the voltage by .
Note: See Dickson Charge Pump.
When a load () is drawn from the circuit, the output voltage drops based on the output resistance () of the charge pump.The output resistance is dependent on the number of stages, the clock frequnecy (), and the interstage capacitors ().

bidir_cp 1

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:10:20 GMT

bidir_cp

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:10:13 GMT

bgr

Mon, 28 Sep 2026 19:55:01 GMT

pos_cp 1

Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:35:38 GMT

pos_cp

Mon, 28 Sep 2026 11:35:27 GMT

Low Dropout Regulator

Sun, 27 Sep 2026 19:56:05 GMT

Temp

Sun, 06 Sep 2026 11:54:21 GMT

FIR DAC Debugging

Fri, 04 Sep 2026 22:13:54 GMT

The current through the resistors is at the output of the delay line, while the current though the voltage sources is at the output of the DAC. DAC is configured such that the output polarity of the 4th tap is flippedInput: Differential 0.2Vp @ 100MHzInput: Differential 0.6Vp @ 100MHz
Either the DAC current is too low or delay line current is too high. Also the common mode current of the DAC looks wrong. Is that the normal current level? First sub-ADC output looks normal. Maybe look at the input range of the ADC.
Setting offset voltage to 0.5V in the input sources fixed the swing of the DAC. Why is this the case, shouldn't the DC voltage setting take care of it? Did I change anything else?
So the DAC tap output configuration was not wrong in the initial test-bench. The second tap has to be flipped which doesn't make sense since the coefficients are: 0.48 0.576 0.096 -0.14Why is this the case. Does the offset DAC output common mode affect the circuit. Why is there so much distortion in the output.
Another discrepancy the inter-stage amplifier has incorrect resistance values.Table 4.1 to testbech variable mapping:R1 - R3 R2 - R2 RFB - RF C1 - C1_amp
These are the negative outputs of the DAC. Below the pink line represents the DAC1N-DAC2P and the blue line represents DAC1N+DAC2N.
This kind of makes sense now why the outputs are configured the way that they are. Since each tap is delayed, outputs 2 and 4 are inverted. So to get the correct coefficients, you need to subtract 2 and add the rest.
Residue looks to be good.What is the first ADC doing Setup Parameters num_level: dac_level: sub_level: offset: 0.5 level_mag: 1/num_level = LSB Initialize bus to 0 @(initial_step) begin for(i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin vd[i] = vlow; vdb[i] = 1; vd_prev[i] = vlow; vdb_prev[i] = 1; end lsb_out = 0; lsb_outb = 0; end Quantize signal at clock rising edge = is compared with for first flash ADC code is compared with for remaining flash ADC codes Flash ADC codes are summed @(cross(V(clk)-vref,1)) begin vin_tmp = V(vin)+offset; for(i = 0; i <= num_level-1; i = i+1) begin v[i]= 0; if(i == 0)begin if(vin_tmp < level_mag/2)begin v[i] = 0; end else begin v[i] = 1; end vin_tmp = vin_tmp - level_mag/2; end else begin if(vin_tmp < level_mag)begin v[i] = 0; end else begin v[i] = 1; end vin_tmp = vin_tmp - level_mag; end end count = 0; for(i = 0; i <= num_level-1; i = i+1) begin if(v[i] == 1) begin count = count + 1; end end end Generate 4 MSB Count is compared with 4096 (LSB count for MSB) for(i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin if(count < sublevels) begin vd[i] = vlow; vdb[i] = 1; end else begin vd[i] = 1; vdb[i] = vlow; count = count - sublevels; end end for (i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin if (vd[i] != vd_prev[i]) begin if (vd[i] > vd_prev[i]) begin ddelay = ddelay_r; ttime = ttime_r; end else begin ddelay = ddelay_f; ttime = ttime_f; end end vd_prev[i] = vd[i]; // Update previous value end for (i = 0; i <= dac_level-1; i = i+1) begin if (vdb[i] != vdb_prev[i]) begin if (vdb[i] > vdb_prev[i]) begin ddelayb = ddelay_r; ttimeb = ttime_r; end else begin ddelayb = ddelay_f; ttimeb = ttime_f; end end vdb_prev[i] = vdb[i]; // Update previous value end Reconstruct 12 bit LSB rshift(IT("/I70/dac_lsb") 500p)+Idacpwhere Idacp is (DAC1P + DAC2N + DAC3P + DAC4P + cmn)

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FFT Simulations

Wed, 05 Aug 2026 05:34:01 GMT

Choose Input frequency Number of Samples must be power of 2 Sampling frequency must be much larger than 2x, highest interest frequency Calculate where k and N are both integers find ideal k, then pick best integer option Simulation Settings = DFT Settings S to auto calculate frequencies window type = rectangular harmonics = 5

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Common-Source Amplifier

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 22:20:38 GMT

Common-Source Amplifier A single-stage MOSFET amplifier that provides a high voltage gain and a high input impedance.
Terminals Input: gate Output: drain Common: source Voltage Gain (): Input Impedance (): , (limited by gate capacitance at high frequencies) Output Impedance (): Bandwidth ()
Large SignalThe output voltage depends entirely on the voltage drop across , and subsequently the of .While is in saturation, the gain of the circuit is:This holds true under small-signal operation. Since also vary's with the input signal, large swings will result in inconsistent circuit behaviour. must maintain a weak dependence on to minimize non-linearity.Small SignalAccounting for channel length modulation, the small signal gain is .
Voltage Gain (): Input Impedance (): Output Impedance (): Input Swing: , Output Swing: ,
Voltage Gain (): Input Impedance (): Output Impedance (): Voltage Gain ():

common_source_amplifier_current_source

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 22:20:24 GMT

common_source_amplifier_diode

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 16:48:52 GMT

Thesis_NW_FIR_DAC_for_CTP_ADC

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 22:54:07 GMT

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common_source_amplifier

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 13:06:53 GMT

Metal-Oxide Field Effect Transistor

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 13:03:10 GMT

Razavi Single-Stage Amplifiers

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 12:44:37 GMT

invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260626234715.png" target="_self">
Common-Source Amplifier
Common-Gate Amplifier
Common-Drain Amplifier
Cascode

invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627082238.png" target="_self">AnalysisWhen increases to , the transistor turns on in saturation and remains there until exceeds by . After that point, it operates in triode.The small signal gain in the saturation region is:accounting for channel length modulation .This holds true under small-signal operation. Since also vary's with the input signal, large swings will result in inconsistent circuit behaviour. must maintain a weak dependence on to minimize non-linearity.
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627093047.png" target="_self">Under small-signal, the impedance of the diode is .
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627102431.png" target="_self"> = = , . The output range is limited to max (M2 OFF) and min (M1 Triode).
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627104543.png" target="_self"> = , The output range is limited to max (M2 OFF) and min (M1 Triode).
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627114145.png" target="_self">. The output range is limited to max (M2 Triode) and min (M1 Triode).Headroom is larger since M1 does not to say in saturation. But gain varies with PVT.
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627122627.png" target="_self">
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627124524.png" target="_self">As increases, and the voltage drop across also increase. This results in less variation of . is a weaker function of as increases.
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627131855.png" target="_self">Gain Calculation Gain is resistance seen at drain node divided by total resistance in the source path
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627133421.png" target="_self">
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627133730.png" target="_self">. M1 is off when and . As increases past , M1 turns on and starts increasing linearly.
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627183656.png" target="_self">As decreases to , M1 turns on. M1 remains in saturation initially until .
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260627193111.png" target="_self"> for M1 to stay in saturation. for M2 to stay in saturation. If both M1 and M2 are in saturation, M2 acts as a source follower, .

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Razavi MOSFETS

Sat, 27 Jun 2026 03:45:44 GMT

Metal-Oxide Field Effect Transistor A four-terminal, voltage-controlled, semiconductor device that regulates the flow of current. Commonly used as a switch of an amplifier.

Symmetric device consisting of four-terminals; Source (S), Drain (D), Gate (S), and Substrate/Bluk (B).Doping profile is based on the type: NMOS: heavily-doped source/drain regions on a p-type substrate. PMOS: heavily-doped source/drain regions on a n-type substrate. Key Dimensions: Gate Oxide (): thin layer of silicon dioxide () to insulate gate from substrate. Channel Width (): Dimension perpendicular to the current flow. Effective Length (): Actual distance between the source and the drain. Substrate potential is set to keep S/D diodes to substrate in reverse bias: NMOS: GND PMOS: VDD
Threshold Voltage Overdrive Voltage: Aspect Ratio: Cutoff Triode Deep Triode (Linear) Saturation
Transconductance
Body Effect
A voltage applied to the body of a MOSFET alters the charge of the channel region, effectively changing the Threshold Voltage.
Channel-Length ModulationAs the drain-source voltage increases, a depletion region forms around the drain. In the channel region, this reduces the effective channel-length and reduces the control of the gate.
Subthreshold ConductionAt a weak inversion layer still exists. Although the current is small, it has an exponential dependence on . When > 100mV:
invert" src="00-meta/images/pasted-image-20260626233628.png" target="_self">

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2026-06-26_215918

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Equivalent Impedance

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 23:36:10 GMT

Equivalent Impedance () Effective impedance seen between two terminals of a linear circuit. Simplifies a complex circuit to a black box for easier analysis of properties such as loading effect. Series combination: Parallel combination:
Turn off Independent Sources: Replace voltage source with short-circuit. Replace current source with open-circuit.
Apply method 1.
Turn off Independent Sources: Replace voltage source with short-circuit. Replace current source with open-circuit.
Apply a test voltage () at terminals.
Find resulting current (). Calculate .

Find Thevenin Voltage ( = open-circuit voltage ()) across terminals.
Find Norton Current ( = short-circuit current ()) between terminals. Calculate .

Norton's and Thevenin's Theorem

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 23:36:00 GMT

any two-terminal Linear Circuit is equivalent to a single Voltage Source and Impedance in series
= open-circuit Voltage across the terminals
= the Equivalent Impedance seen at the terminals
any two-terminal Linear Circuit is equivalent to a single Current Source and Impedance in parallel
= short-circuit Current through the terminals
= the Equivalent Impedance seen at the terminals

Transconductance

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 23:30:50 GMT

Transconductance () Relation between the gate-source voltage () and drain current () of a MOSFET in saturation at any constant drain-source votlage (). Unit: siemen (S)

Threshold Voltage

Fri, 26 Jun 2026 22:35:30 GMT

Threshold Voltage () Gate-source voltage () at which a semiconductor surface undergoes strong inversion, meaning the channel is as n-type as the substrate is p-type. Unit: volt (V) Where,
: difference between Work Function of poly-Si gate and Si substrate. : . : .
= Boltzmann's Constant
= electron charge = doping density of substrate = density of electrons in undoped silicon. : dielectric constant of silicon. In a NFET, the substrate is p-type. When , holes are repelled from the gate leaving behind electrons. Gradually, a depletion region (neutral charge) is formed followed by an inversion layer (opposite charge). A sufficient will create a channel of carriers allowing current to flow between source and drain.Depletion-mode FETs have a of 0V. Enhancement-mode FETs have a positive threshold, which is achieved by increasing the substrate doping level in the channel area.

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Sinusiod

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 19:36:35 GMT

Sinusoid Where, : Peak Amplitude
: Frequency
: Angular Frequency
: Phase = +A - (-A) = 2A = (1/)A

IIC-OSIC-Tools

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 19:33:58 GMT

IIC-OSIC-Tools All-in-one Docker/Podman container for open-source-based integrated circuit designs for analog and digital circuit flows. Repository: https://github.com/iic-jku/iic-osic-tools
Install Docker. Clone IIC-OSIC-Tools repo. git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/iic-jku/iic-osic-tools.git
Set Environment Variables.
Start either VNC (full desktop environment) or X-Server (apps render as native windows) session.
(optional) Create script to automate launch process. cd iic-osic-tools # unix ./start_vnc.sh # windows .\start_vnc.bat http://localhost (open in web browser) password: abc123 cd iic-osic-tools # unix ./start_x.sh # windows .\start_x.bat Set design directory (mounted to /foss/designs in docker container). # unix export DESIGNS=$HOME/designs # windows $env:DESIGNS = "$env:USERPROFILE\designs" (optional) Set VNC port. # unix export VNC_PORT=5901 # windows $env:VNC_PORT = 5901 #!/usr/bin/env fish set VNC_PORT 5933 set SCRIPT $HOME/Tools/iic-osic-tools/start_vnc.sh set CONTAINER_NAME iic-osic-tools # set environment variables set -x VNC_PORT $VNC_PORT set -x DESIGNS $HOME/Projects set -x CONTAINER_NAME $CONTAINER_NAME # run script if test -f $SCRIPT echo "Running pre-VNC script..." $SCRIPT end # launch vnc session vncviewer.exe localhost:$VNC_PORT # stop container docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME
Xschem
Magic

Small Signal

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 19:22:41 GMT

Title Approximates the behaviour of a non-linear circuit using a linear circuit model for small variations around a specific operating point.

Differentiator

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 18:51:50 GMT

Differentiator Output signal is the derivative of the input signal. Passive RC Differentiator

Integrator

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 18:51:19 GMT

Integrator Output signal is the integral of the input signal. Passive RC Integrator

Periodic Signal

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 18:48:59 GMT

Periodic Signal Function that repeats after a fixed time interval (period ).

Secure Shell Protocol

Sun, 21 Jun 2026 18:25:42 GMT

Secure Shell Protocol A encrypted network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. SSH keys provide a secure, passwordless way to authenticate. Ed25519 algorithm is the current standard for security and performance. Generate key pair. ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "user@machine" Comment -C "...": optional but user and machine name is helpful. File name: optional, default is id_ed25519. Password: optional but highly recommended. Public Key (share this): ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub. Private Key (keep secret): ~/.ssh/id_ed25519. Distribute to server. ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/.pub @ # ex. ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub @ or manually append it to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server. Create and edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/90-hardening.conf. PermitRootLogin no PasswordAuthentication no MaxAuthTries 3 Restart SSH service. sudo systemctl restart sshd Install required packages. # Arch sudo pacman -S xauth Create and edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/70-x11-forwarding.conf. X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 X11UseLocalhost yes Restart SSH service. sudo systemctl restart sshd xhost +local:

Docker

Sun, 21 Jun 2026 18:25:21 GMT

Docker Docker is an operating system for containers. Docker packages software into standardized units called containers that have everything the software needs to run including libraries, system tools, code, and runtime. Similar to how virtual machines virtualize (removes the need to directly manage) server hardware, containers virtualize the operating system of a server. Documentation: https://docs.docker.com/ # Windows winget install Docker.DockerDesktop # Arch paru -S docker docker-compose lazydocker sudo systemctl enable --now docker.service sudo usermod -aG docker $USER # Fedora sudo dnf install docker-cli containerd docker-compose sudo systemctl enable --now docker.service sudo usermod -aG docker $USER # MacOS brew install docker # Generic curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh sudo sh ./get-docker.sh rm get-docker.sh sudo usermod -aG docker $USER reboot

Debian

Sun, 21 Jun 2026 15:13:12 GMT

apt update && apt upgrade -y adduser adduser sudo su sudo apt install curl -y curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh sudo sh ./get-docker.sh rm get-docker.sh sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Network File System

Sun, 21 Jun 2026 12:26:09 GMT

Network File System A fast file sharing protocol for Linux machines. It allows remote directories to be mounted and accessed as local storage over a network with IP based authentication. Install NFS server. # Fedora sudo dnf install nfs-utils -y sudo systemctl enable --now nfs-server.service sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs sudo firewall-cmd --reload Edit /etc/exports. # : path to NFS share on device. Ex. /docker # : ips allowed access, ip/32 or subnet/24. Ex. 100.121.3.1/32 (rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash) Reload NFS server. sudo exportfs -rav sudo systemctl restart nfs-server Install NFS utilities. # Fedora sudo dnf install nfs-utils -y Temporary Mount# ex. 192.168.2.22 # : path to NFS share on server. Ex. /docker sudo mount -t nfs : /mnt/test Persistent Mount Append to /etc/fstab. # ex. 192.168.2.22 # : path to NFS share on server. Ex. /docker # : path to NFS share on device. Ex. /mnt/docker :

nfs defaults 0 0 Reload fstab. mkdir -p sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo mount -a

Computer Setup

Sat, 20 Jun 2026 13:52:47 GMT

Shell: Fish, Starship Editor: Helix Files: Yazi Modern CLI Tools: zoxide (cd) fd (find) fzf (search) ripgrep (grep) eza (ls) bat (cat) tealdeer (man) fastfetch (info) btop (monitor) Terminal: Kitty
Notes: Obsidian Browser: Zen Browser VNC: TigerVNC Editor: Zed
Documents: Typst (markup editor), Euro Office, Zotero (citations) Communication: Discord Music: Feishin (self-hosted) Password Manager: ProtonPass VPN: ProtonVPN
Follow Install Guide. Install Applications. # shell paru -S fish chsh -s /usr/bin/fish # cli paru -S git lazygit chezmoi starship helix imagemagick yazi zoxide fd fzf ripgrep eza bat tealdeer fastfetch btop # desktop paru -S kitty obsidian zen-browser-bin tigervnc zed typst zotero-bin discord feishin # fonts paru -S ttf-iosevka-nerd
Setup Git and Chezmoi.
Follow Install Guide. Install Applications. # shell sudo dnf install fish chsh -s /usr/bin/fish # cli sudo dnf copr enable atim/starship sudo dnf copr enable lihaohong/yazi sudo dnf install git lazygit chezmoi starship helix imagemagick yazi zoxide fd fzf ripgrep eza bat tealdeer fastfetch btop # server minimal command sudo dnf install git chezmoi starship helix zoxide fd fzf ripgrep eza bat fastfetch # desktop sudo dnf install kitty obsidian zen-browser tigervnc zed typst zotero discord feishin # fonts sudo dnf install ttf-iosevka-nerd
Setup Git and Chezmoi. Install Applications. # install brew /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)" # shell brew install fish chsh -s /usr/local/bin/fish # cli brew install git lazygit chezmoi starship helix imagemagick yazi zoxide fd fzf ripgrep eza bat tealdeer fastfetch btop # desktop brew install --cask kitty obsidian zen-browser tigervnc-viewer zed typst zotero discord feishin proton-pass protonvpn # fonts brew install --cask font-iosevka-nerd-font
Setup Git and Chezmoi. # powertoys winget install Microsoft.PowerToys # cli winget install Git.Git JesseDuffield.lazygit twpayne.chezmoi Starship.Starship Helix.Helix sxyazi.yazi ajeetdsouza.zoxide sharkdp.fd junegunn.fzf BurntSushi.ripgrep.MSVC eza-community.eza sharkdp.bat Fastfetch-cli.Fastfetch btop4win # desktop winget install Kitty.Kitty Obsidian.Obsidian Zen-Team.Zen-Browser TigerVNC.TigerVNC MSBuild.Zed Typst.Typst DigitalScholar.Zotero Discord.Discord Feishin.Feishin Proton.ProtonPass Proton.ProtonVPN Valve.Steam awww btop fastfetch helix hyprland hyprlock hypride kitty matugen gruvbox material rose pine rofi applets 6: power 8: screenshot 9: volume swaync waybar yazi zed zen

Fedora Sever

Sat, 20 Jun 2026 13:45:19 GMT

Fedora Server A x86-64 server-focused Linux distribution that provides the latest stable version of most software by following a short-lifecycle fixed release model. Documentation: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/
Download Fedora Server ISO. Select language. Open Installation Source. Select On the network. Click Done. Open Installation Destination. Select desired disk. Click Done, then click Reclaim Space. Click Delete All, then click Reclaim Space. Open Software Selection. Enable Container Management and Hardware Support for Server Systems. Click Done. Open Network & Host Name. Enter desired hostname. Click Apply, then click Done. Open User Creation. Fill in appropriately. Click Done. Click Begin Installation, then click Reboot System. Update the system. sudo dnf upgrade -y
Go through SSH configure keys and hardening. Extend LVM. # check lvm df -h / # extend lvm sudo lvextend -r -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/
Continue to Computer Setup

Server Message Block

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 23:18:49 GMT

Server Message Block A network sharing protocol for Windows, MacOS and Linux. It uses user-based authentication to manage access to shared folders and printers. Install SMB. # Debian sudo apt install cifs-utils -y # Fedora sudo dnf install cifs-util Create local folder to mount SMB share. sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ Create SMB credentials file. sudo mkdir -p /etc/samba sudo touch /etc/samba/. Add credentials to SMB credentials file `/etc/samba/.. username= password= Set SMB credentials file as readable by root. sudo chmod 400 /etc/samba/. test: Mount SMB share temporarily. sudo mount -t cifs /// /mnt/ -o rw,vers=3.0,credentials=/etc/samba/. # test share, see if file is visible on another machine echo "hello" >> /mnt//hi.txt sudo umount /mnt/ Add SMB entry to /etc/fstab. /// /mnt/ cifs credentials=/etc/samba/.,uid=1000,gid=1000,defaults,noauto,x-systemd.automount 0 0 Mount SMB share. sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo mount -a # on SELinux systems (Fedora), this needs to be set for containers to be able to use smb shares sudo setsebool -P virt_use_samba 1

Chezmoi

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 19:51:25 GMT

Chezmoi Open-source command-line tool for managing your personal “dotfiles” and configuration files across multiple machines. Documentation: https://www.chezmoi.io/
Repository: https://github.com/twpayne/chezmoi Install Chezmoi. # Windows winget install twpayne.chezmoi # Arch sudo pacman -S chezmoi # MacOS brew install chezmoi # Fedora sudo dnf install chezmoi Initialize a new or existing repository. Existing Repository:chezmoi init chezmoi -v apply # ex. https://git.nodusk.me/jay/dotfiles.git New Repository:chezmoi init cd ~/.local/share/chezmoi git init git add . git commit -m "inital commit" git remote add origin git@github.com:/dotfiles.git git push -u origin main default directory: ~/.local/share/chezmoi # chezmoi commands (reference) chezmoi add # add new directory or file from chezmoi chezmoi forget # remove directory or file from chezmoi chezmoi edit # edit file (or just edit some other way) chezmoi diff # view changes chezmoi -v apply # print log and apply changes chezmoi -v -n apply # print log chezmoi init # initialize dotfiles from git chezmoi merge # merge conflicts from local and remote chezmoi update -v # pull and apply changes from remote repo

A DC-to-1 GHz Tunable RF ΔΣ ADC Achieving DR = 74 dB and BW = 150 MHz at f0 = 450 MHz Using 550 mW

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 09:31:00 GMT

GF 22nm FDSOI

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 07:15:50 GMT

Weak Nonlinearities in Active Filters and Continuous-Time Pipeline ADCs

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 07:14:23 GMT

CMOS image sensors

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 07:14:10 GMT

Square Wave

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:53:07 GMT

Square Wave A periodic signal that alternates instantaneously between two fixed amplitudes. Where,
: Amplitude
: Period
: Duty Cycle = +A - (-A) = 2A = A

Time Constant

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:42:43 GMT

Time Constant () Characterizes the exponential response time of a first-order LTI system to a step input. Unit: second (s)
Rise Time and Fall Time are defined by .

Decibel

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 05:41:18 GMT

Decibel Logarithmic unit ratio expressing Power or Amplitude gain. Where,
, = Power levels.
, = Voltage or Current amplitudes. 10log for power, 20log for voltage/current since . Decibels are often expressed with respect to common reference levels.

Conda

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 05:33:51 GMT

Conda Conda is a cross-platform package, dependency, and environment manager for Python, R, and other languages. Documentation: https://www.anaconda.com/docs/main
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Conda Install Conda. # Windows winget install --exact --id Anaconda.Miniconda3 & "$env:USERPROFILE\miniconda3\Scripts\conda.exe" init powershell # Arch sudo pacman -S miniconda3 # MacOS brew install miniconda3 Update Conda and set basic configuration. conda update conda conda config --add channels conda-forge conda config --set channel_priority strict conda config --set auto_activate_base false Environmentconda create --name python= # create environment, = is optional conda env export --name > # save environment to .yml conda env create --file # create environment from .yml conda activate conda deactivate conda remove --name --all # delete environment Packageconda install = # = is optional conda uninstall --name # remove package from enviornment conda update --all --name # update all packages in environment

Arch Linux

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 20:21:46 GMT

Arch Linux A x86-64 general-purpose Linux distribution that provides the latest stable version of most software by following a rolling release model. Documentation: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Main_page
Repository: https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux sudo pacman -Syu # update everything sudo pacman -S # install a package sudo pacman -Ss # search from remote packages sudo pacman -Q # list all install packages sudo pacman -Qs # search from installed packages sudo pacman -Qe # list expecitly installed packages sudo pacman -R # remove package sudo pacman -Rns # remove package and extra config/depenencies # for searching, replace s with i in the command to get more information when downloading AUR packages, use -bin for a precompiled version (faster), or use to build it yourself (configurable). # all pacman command work, just replace 'sudo pacman' with 'paru' paru # update everything paru # search and install paru -Sua # update AUR packages only paru -Qua # print available updates # alternative app store. containerizes and resticts apps sudo pacman -S flatpak # additional protection tool flathub flatpak install flathub com.github.tchx84.Flatseal flatpak run com.github.tchx84.Flatseal # manually build package (reference) # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCDy54Zc2Cw # first time steps vim /etc/makekpkg.conf # uncomment MAKEFLATS line and set value to cpu threads + 1 # ex. 20 threads cpu: MAKEFLAGS='-j21' mkdir -p ~/downloads/packages # read PKGBUILD files before running makepkg # check dependencies, conflicts, and commands at the bottom # --- from source code --- # # download cd ~/downloads/packages git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru.git # build cd paru makepkg -si # update cd ~/downloads/packages cd paru git pull makepkg -si # --- from tar.zst --- # # download cd ~/downloads/packages wget https://github.com/Morganamilo/paru/releases/download/v2.0.4/paru-v2.0.4-x86_64.tar.zst # build sudo pacman -U paru-v2.0.4-x86_64.tar.zst Guides:
https://gist.github.com/mjkstra/96ce7a5689d753e7a6bdd92cdc169bae
https://gist.github.com/dante-robinson/fdc55726991d3f17e0dbef1701d343ef
https://gist.github.com/yovko/512326b904d120f3280c163abfbcb787
Download Arch ISO Mount Arch ISO onto a USB with either option below (Ventoy is easier).
Rufus Select the USB and ISO. Set partition scheme to MBR Set file system to FAT32 Leave defaults for remaining.
Ventoy Install Ventoy on USB. sudo ventoy -i /dev/sdb1 Copy ISO into USB. Disable secure boot in BIOS. Boot into USB with Arch ISO. Increase font size. # medium setfont ter-928n # large setfont ter-132b Connect to a WiFi network (skip for Ethernet). # connect to network iwctl --passphrase station connect If WiFi device and SSID are unknown use the following.# enter network configuration iwctl # list avalible devices, use the correct device name for next steps as ex. wlan0 device list # connect to a network station scan station get-networks station connect # exit iwctl exit Test network connection. ping -c 5 ping.archlinux.org Set timezone. # list timezones timedatectl list-timezones # type / to start searching # set timezone, ex. America/Toronto timedatectl set-timezone # verify timedatectl (optional) SSH into machine. # set temporary passwd passwd systemctl start sshd # note ip address ip addr Connect from a remote machine with ssh root@. Partition the disks. Run cfdisk. Select GPT as label type. Identify desired OS drive and delete any partitions of needed (select Write after changes). Select Free Space, then select New to create the following partitions: 4G - EFI/Boot Remaining - Root filesystem Select the boot partition, then select Type and set to EFI System. Select Write, type yes, then select Quit. Identify created partitions. lsblk -f Format boot partition. # ex. nvme0n1p1 mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/ Setup one of the following filesystems.
BTRFS# ex. nvme0n1p2, ex. nvme-os mkfs.btrfs -L /dev/ # create subvolumes mount /dev/ /mnt btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@ btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@log btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@cache umount /mnt # mount subvolumes mount --mkdir -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@ /dev/ /mnt mount --mkdir -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@home /dev/ /mnt/home mount --mkdir -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@log /dev/ /mnt/var/log mount --mkdir -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@cache /dev/ /mnt/var/cache # mount boot partition mount --mkdir /dev/ /mnt/boot
EXT4# ex. nvme0n1p2, ex. nvme-os mkfs.ext4 -L /dev/ mount --mkdir /dev/ /mnt mount --mkdir /dev/ /mnt/boot Install Linux and base packages. # base linux linux-firmware linux-headers standard system packages # intel-ucode or amd-ucode cpu # base-devel package build tools # network manager network # helix or vim editor # btrfs-progs (if needed) btrfs user utilites # limine efibootmgr bootloader # man-db man-pages manuals # git curl wget rsync zip unzip basic network and file tools pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware linux-headers intel-ucode base-devel networkmanager helix btrfs-progs limine efibootmgr man-db man-pages git curl wget rsync zip unzip # fetch the disk mounting points genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab # verify that it matches step 10 cat /mnt/etc/fstab # move to system arch-chroot /mnt Setup timezone and locale. # set timezone and sync hardware clock, / ex. America/Toronto ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo// /etc/localtime hwclock --systohc # set language, search for correct UTF-8 locale inside /etc/locale.gen if using another echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen locale-gen echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf echo "KEYMAP=us" > /etc/vconsole.conf Setup Hostname and User. # set hostname ex. jimbo echo "" > /etc/hostname # create host file entries, add following lines echo "127.0.1.1 .local" >> /etc/hosts # set root password passwd # add new user with sudo permissions ex. : bimbo useradd -mG wheel passwd # uncomment line saying 'allow members of group wheel to execute any command' EDITOR=vim visido Setup Limeline bootloader. mkinitcpio -P mkdir -p /boot/EFI/limine cp /usr/share/limine/BOOTX64.EFI /boot/EFI/limine/ # create bootloader entry in NVRAM, ex. nvme0n1, ex. 1 efibootmgr --create --disk /dev/ --part --label "Arch Linux Limine Bootloader" --loader '\EFI\limine\BOOTX64.EFI' --unicode # add UUID and machine id to limine config file, delete it later blkid -o value -s UUID /dev/ >> /boot/limine.conf cat /etc/machine-id >> /boot/limine.conf Edit /boot/limine.conf: use first line as . use second line as . timeout: 5 default_entry: 2 comment: machine-id= /+Arch Linux //Linux protocol: linux path: boot():/vmlinuz-linux module_path: boot():/initramfs-linux.img cmdline: root=UUID= rw rootflags=subvol=@ quiet splash //Snapshots Finish Up. # enable network manager systemctl enable NetworkManager ping -c 5 ping.archlinux.org # exit and reboot exit umount -R /mnt reboot Login to created user and enable time sync. timedatectl set-ntp true Connect to WiFi. nmcli device wifi list # list networks nmcli device wifi connect password # connect to network (optional) Use correct WiFi regulations for potentially better speed. sudo pacman -S wireless-regdb # uncomment one country code line in `/etc/conf.d/wireless-regdom` Update Mirrors. sudo pacman -S reflector sudo cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak sudo reflector --verbose --latest 10 --protocol https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Edit these lines in /etc/pacman.conf. Uncomment color. Change ParellelDownloads to 20. Add ILoveCandy. Uncomment [multilib] and following line. Update System. sudo pacman -Syu Install Paru. sudo pacman -S --needed rustup base-devel git && rustup default stable && git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru.git && cd paru && makepkg -si && cd .. && rm -rf paru Uncomment BottomUp from /etc/paru.conf.
Install CachyOS packages https://wiki.cachyos.org/features/optimized_repos/. curl https://mirror.cachyos.org/cachyos-repo.tar.xz -o cachyos-repo.tar.xz tar xvf cachyos-repo.tar.xz && cd cachyos-repo sudo ./cachyos-repo.sh sudo pacman -S openssh sudo systemctl enable --now sshd
See more in SSH to configure keys and hardening.sudo pacman -S ufw sudo systemctl enable --now ufw # allow ssh and enable sudo ufw limit ssh sudo ufw enable Install requirements. # snapper better btrfs snapshot utility # snap-pac auto-generate snapshots for pacman # btrfs-assistant gui for btrfs # limine-snapper-sync auto-generate snapshot boot entries # limine-mkinitcpio-hook auto-regenerate bootloader sudo pacman -S snapper snap-pac btrfs-assistant paru -S limine-snapper-sync limine-mkinitcpio-hook Edit snapper default template /usr/share/snapper/config-templates/default. Set NUMBER_MIN_AGE to 1800. Set TIMELINE_CLEANUP_AGE to 1800. Set EMPTY_PRE_POST_MIN_AGE to 1800. Set Timeline limits: Hourly: 12 Daily: 7 all others: 0 Create snapper configs. sudo snapper -c root create-config / sudo snapper -c home create-config /home sudo systemctl enable --now snapper-timeline.timer snapper-cleanup.timer Edit limine snapper sync config /etc/limine-snapper-sync.conf. Set EXCLUDE_SNAPSHOT_TYPES to "pre, post". Set MAX_SNAPSHOT_ENTRIES to 21. Set SNAPSHOT_FORMAT_CHOICE to 8. Edit /etc/default/limine:ESP_PATH="/boot" KERNEL_CMDLINE[default]+="quiet nowatchdog splash rw rootflags=subvol=/@ root=UUID=" BOOT_ORDER="*, *lts, *fallback, Snapshots" Remove the original non-autogenerated entry from boot/limine.conf.sudo pacman -S zram-generator echo -e "[zram0]\nzram-size = ram" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start systemd-zram-setup@zram0 # sof-firmware firmware for some soundcards # pipwire and others audio utils # wiremix TUI for audio controls sudo pacman -S sof-firmware pipewire wireplumber alsa-utils pipewire-alsa pipewire-pulse pipewire-jack wiremix systemctl --user --now enable pipewire pipewire-pulse wireplumber # fix audio popping issues # sudo systemctl enable --now rtkit-daemon echo "options snd_hda_intel power_save=0" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/audio_disable_powersave.conf sudo pacman -S bluez bluez-utils auso systemctl enable --now bluetooth NVIDIA Install drivers. sudo pacman -S nvidia-open nvidia-settings nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils libva-nvidia-driver Add modules to /etc/mkinitcpio.conf. MODULES=(... nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm) Regenerate initramfs. sudo mkinitcpio -P Install plymouth. sudo pacman -S plymouth Add plymouth hook after systemd to /etc/mkinitcpio.conf. MODULES=(.. systemd plymouth ...) Regenerate initramfs. sudo mkinitcpio -P Set theme. paru -S plymouth-theme-lone-git sudo plymouth-set-default-theme -R lone
Find more themes: https://github.com/adi1090x/plymouth-themes.sudo pacman -S xdg-user-dirs Modify user directories ~/.config/user-dirs.dirsXDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/.local/Desktop" XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Storage" XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads" XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/" XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/" XDG_PROJECTS_DIR="$HOME/Projects" XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/" XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/" XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/" sudo pacman -S noto-fonts noto-fonts-emoji ttf-iosevka-nerd Hyperland (WM)# hyprland and other hyprland # kitty terminal emulator # nautilus file manger # waybar pacman-contrib status bar # swaync notifications # hyprlock lockscreen # hypridle auto lock # hyprshot screenshot # hyprsunset blue light filter # awww wallpaper # nwg-look gtk-theming # gnome-keyring seahorse authentication # vicinae launcher sudo pacman -S hyprland xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland xdg-desktop-portal-gtk hyprpolkitagent kitty nautilus waybar pacmand-contrib swaync hyprlock hypridle hyprshot hyprsunset awww nwg-look gnome-keyring seahorse paru -S vicinae-bin sudo pacman -S greetd greetd-tuigreet sudo systemctl enable greetd Edit /etc/greetd/config.toml:`` Change [default_session] command to "tuigreet --cmd start-hyprland". For autologin, add following lines, replace . [initial_session] command = "start-hyprland" user = "jay" Final Config[terminal] vt = 1 [default_session] command = "tuigreet --cmd start-hyprland" user = "greeter" [initial_session] command = "start-hyprland" user = "jay" # steam # mangohud detailed fps and system overlay # protonup-qt-bin proton version manager sudo pacman -S steam mangohud protonup-qt-bin Install Proton GE with protonup. Enable compatibility and use Proton GE in steam. Set launch arguments below for each game. LD_PRELOAD=“” - fixes stuttering in game. other are for HDR. LD_PRELOAD=“” PROTON_ENABLE_HDR=1 PROTON_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1 %command% GamescopeLD_PRELOAD=“” gamescope -w 3440 -h 1440 --fullscreen -r 165 --hdr-enabled --hdr-debug-force-output -- env ENABLE_GAMESCOPE_WSI=1 DXVK_HDR=1 %command%

Passive RC Integrator

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 17:54:00 GMT

Passive RC Integrator A Passive RC Low-Pass Filter approximates to an integrator when RC time constant >> input frequency.

The circuit is modelled by Capacitor (C) charges slowly because the RC Time Constant is large. As a result, the output voltage remains small.

Passive RC Differentiatior

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 17:41:02 GMT

Passive RC Differentiatior A Passive RC High-Pass Filter approximates to a differentiator when the RC time constant << input frequency.

The circuit is modelled by Capacitor (C) charges quickly because the RC time constant is small. As a result, both the output voltage and it's derivative remain small.

Passive RC Low-Pass Filter

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 17:40:05 GMT

Passive RC High-Pass Filter

rc-highpass-filter

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 17:39:35 GMT

rc-lowpass-filter

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 17:24:26 GMT

Euler's Formula

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 16:37:00 GMT

Euler's Formula Relationship between Exponential Function and Trigonometric Function. Where,
: Euler's Number.
: Imaginary Unit.
: Phase.

Phase

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:58:10 GMT

Phase () Angular position of a periodic signal relative to a reference point in time. Unit: degree () or radian (rad) Where,
: Angular Frequency. : time delay from reference. leading when lagging when

Impedance

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:33:07 GMT

Impedance (Z) Total opposition to the flow current, characterized by a combination of resistance (R) and reactance (X). Unit: ohm () = volt (V) / ampere (A) Where,
: phase.

Reactance

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:28:25 GMT

Resistance (R) Ability to oppose the flow of AC current by storing electrical energy in fields. Unit: ohm () = volt (V) / ampere (A)
Capacitive reactance decreases with frequency
Inductive reactance increases with frequency

Resistance

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:26:00 GMT

Resistance (R) Ability to oppose the flow of current by dissipating electrical energy as heat. Unit: ohm () = volt (V) / ampere (A) Analogy: Width of a pipe. Water pressure (voltage) and flow rate (I) scale proportionally based on the width.

Noise Figure

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:10:20 GMT

Noise Figure (nf) Quantifies how much the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of a circuit degrades due to the excess of noise generated by it.

Noise Factor

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:10:12 GMT

Noise Factor (NF) Logarithmic form of noise figure, expressed in decibels.

Engineering Compendium

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 14:09:18 GMT

Physics13 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 13-Anode, fundamental/physicsSignal8 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 8Math5 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 5Device4 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 4Circuit Theory19 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 19Circuit8 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 8

Linear Circuit

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 13:56:47 GMT

Linear Circuit Circuit whose input/output relation satisfies the rules of linearity: homogeneity and additivity. Output scales proportionally with the input. Output is the sum of the responses to each input individually. Output is delayed by the same time as the input.

Conductance

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 10:50:56 GMT

Conductance (G) Ability to allow the flow of current. Reciprocal of resistance. Unit: siemen (S) = ampere (A) / volt (V)

Note Taking Systems

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:58:02 GMT

Zettlekasten is simply a framework to help organize your ideas, thoughts, and information. By relating pieces of knowledge and connecting information to each other (by way of hyperlinking), you are replicating a train of thought. By establishing relationships between pieces of knowledge, you are helping retain consumed information allowing your thinking process to grow organically. Fleeting thoughts and ideas captured throughout the day. Literature notes are notes from external resources such as Articles, Books, Quotes, Videos, etc. Permanent refined copies of fleeting and literature notes. PARA is a methodology for organizing digital information and activities in a way that is simple, useful, and flexible. PARA itself is an acronym that stands for 'Projects', 'Areas', 'Resources', and 'Archives' - which are the four main categories that make it up. Projects short-term efforts in your work or life that are in progress Area long-term responsibilities that you want to manage over time Resource topics or interests that may be useful in the future Archive inactive items from the other three categories

Helix

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:55:36 GMT

Motionsh j k l - left down up right # words w - next e - end of current b - start of current # words only seperated by white space W - next word E - end of current B - start of current x - select current line or next line X - only select current line f - (find) up to next character (inclusive) t - (till) up to next character (exclusive) F - (find) up to prev character (inclusive) T - (till) up to prev character (exclusive) Inserti - before cursor a - after cursor I - start of line A - end of line o - new line below cursor O - new line above cursor Search/ - search forwards shift-/ - search backwards n - next result N - prev result s - search inside selection (selects all matches) Multi Cursor and SelectionsC - duplicate cursor on next suitable line Alt-C duplicate cursor on previous suitable line , - return to single cursor & - align words by ancor Alt-s - split selection into multi cursor ; - stop selecting, return to cursor alt-; - flip selection ancor % - select whole file Actionsd - delete c - change r - replace selected characters u - undo U - redo y - copy p - paste before cursor P - paste after cursor . - repeat insert command alt - repeat f / t selection esc - normal mode v - visual mode, extendes all motions Counts - repeat motion or action Commands:q - quit :q! - force quit :w - write :wq - wirte and quit

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:48:25 GMT

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law Sum of all voltage around a closed loop must be zero. Extension of Conservation of Energy.

Kirchhoff's Current Law

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:46:23 GMT

Kirchhoff's Current Law Sum of all current entering and leaving a node must be zero. Extension of Conservation of Charge.

Ohm's Law

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:34:57 GMT

Ohm's Law The voltage (V) across a conductor is proportional to the current (I) flowing through it. Where, the proportionality constant is the impedance (Z) of the element.

Resistor

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:30:24 GMT

Capacitor A passive two-terminal device that opposes the flow of current, characterized by its resistance.

resistor

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 09:17:58 GMT

Hold Time

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 06:25:51 GMT

Hold Time () Minimum time after the active clock edge that input must remain stable. Where, : delay from preceding flip-flop. : delay from combinatorial logic between flip-flops. : hold time for receiving flip-flop.
: clock phase between flip-flops.
A flip-flop uses transmission gates to transfer the contents stored from the input latch to the output latch. The delay of the transmission gate is called . If the input transitions during , the flip-flop becomes Metastable and the output is unpredictable.Sp to correctly sample the previous clock cycle input. This determines minimum delay of flip-flops, and cannot be fixed with clock frequency.

Inductor

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 06:19:20 GMT

Inductor A passive two-terminal device that stores energy in an magnetic field, characterized by its inductance.

inductor

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 06:16:52 GMT

Capacitance

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 06:14:10 GMT

Capacitance (C) Ability to store energy in an electric field. Unit: farad (F) = coulumb (Q) / volt (V) Analogy: An elastic membrane in a pipe. Water pressure (voltage) is kept stable during fluctuations in velocity (current) due to water stored (electric field) in the membrane.

Inductance

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 06:12:35 GMT

Inductance (L) Ability to store energy in an magnetic field. Unit: henry (H) = Magnetic Flux () / ampere (A) = volt (V) second (s) / ampere (A) Analogy: A turbine in a pipe. Water velocity (current) is kept stable during fluctuations in pressure (voltage) due to inertia (magnetic field) of the turbine.

Capacitor

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 05:41:22 GMT

Capacitor A passive two-terminal device that stores energy in an electric field, characterized by its capacitance.

Power Angle

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 05:12:35 GMT

Power Angle () Difference between phase of phasor representations of voltage and current. Unit: degree () or radian (rad)

Git

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 07:33:57 GMT

Git FOSS version control system. Install Git. # Windows winget install Git.Git # Arch sudo pacman -S git # Macos brew install git # Fedora sudo dnf install git Set basic configuration. # full name is fine git config --global user.name "Your Name" # best to use no-reply github email or another aliased email git config --global user.email "you@example.com" git config --global init.defaultBranch main Setup SSH access. Create a SSH key for local machine it doesn't exist. Copy contents of ~/.ssh/.pub to git server.
github: add signing and auth keys
gitea: add ssh key (for forgejo) Edit ~/.ssh/config, replace domain appropriately. Host git.nodusk.me HostName git.nodusk.me User git Port 2222 Initialize Repogit init # create new repository git clone # retrieve remote repository Stagegit status # show staged files git add # stage file or folder git reset # unstage file or folder git diff # show changes from last commit, filter staged only with --staged git commit -m "" # commit staged Branchgit branch #list branches git branch # create branch git branch origin/ # create brach from specified remote branch git checkout # switch branch git merge # merge specifed branch wtih current branch git log # show current branch history Remote# origin is a common alias git remote add

# add remote repository git remote set-url

# change remote repository git fetch # retrive remote updates git merge / # merge current brach with specified remote branch git pull # fetch and merge current branch with tracking remote branch git push

# transmit current branch to specified remote branch Rewritegit rebase # apply commits of current branch ahead of specified branch git reset --hard # clear staged, rewrite from specified commit Commit Messages

Phase Angle

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Power Transfer

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Power Transfer Amount of power transferred between a source and load is determined by the ratio of their impedances (). Maximum power transfer () when . Minimum power transfer () when or .
A voltage source () with internal impedance () forms a voltage divider with a connect load (). The voltage across the load is:
Substituting into the power equation gives:
Similarly applies to a current source with Norton's and Thevenin's Theorem.

Slack

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Slack Margin between a constraint and the actual performance. Positive Slack: Design meets timing. Negative Slack: Design fails timing (metastability risk). The time remaining before a task misses its deadline: .

Voltage

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Voltage (V) The energy or work (W) required to move a unit of electric charge (Q) from lower to higher electric potential. Unit: volt (V) = joule (J) / coulomb (C) Analogy: Water pressure between two points in pipe.

Voltage Divider

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Voltage Divider A linear circuit that outputs a voltage that is a fraction of it's input voltage, determined by the ratio of impedances (Z) in the circuit.

Proxmox

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Python

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

https://www.python.org/downloads/# windows winget search Python.Python winget install Python.Python. # linux sudo pacman -S python # mac brew install python python -m venv .venv .\.venv\bin\Activate.ps1 pip install -r requirements.txt
Conda
Python - UVjuypterconda install jupyterlab jupyter lab machine learningpytorch

index

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

CMOS image sensors - electronic camera-on-a-chip Field Potentials

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Common-Centroid Layouts for Analog Circuits - Advantages and Limitations

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

C
Rust
Python
Verilog

Engineering

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Fitness

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Fitness Routine - Bouldering Warmup
Fitness Routine - Shoulder Health
Fitness Routine - Functional
Fitness - Chest
Fitness - Back
Fitness - Legs
Fitness - Arms
Fitness - Shoulders
Fitness - Fingers

Games

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Assetto Corsa
Le Mans Ultimate
Track Guides
track maps: https://lapmeta.com/en/track?sortBy=distance%7Casc
Gray Zone Warfare
Kerbal Space Program
Oxygen Not Included
Schedule 1
Satisfactory
Chess

Home

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Todo

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Qemu - GPU Passthrough
Power Transfer - add derivation for current source
Setup Time and Hold Time - replace images
Slack - update definition

Tools

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:20 GMT

Computer Setup | Homelab | LinuxNotes25 resultsSort0Filter0PropertiesSearchNewShowing 25nametags

University

Pasted image 20260502034940

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:28:18 GMT